From causes made in lives gone by
Comes your present life;
Results you'll get in lives to come,
Are born from what you do right now.

Living beings on the wheel of rebirth in the six paths cannot avoid cause and effect. If you are wealthy now, it is because you were generous in previous lives; if you are poor, it is because you were stingy. To know what your future lives will be like, look at what you are doing now. If you foster merit and practice giving now, you will certainly be wealthy; if you do not, you certainly will be poor. You do not need spiritual powers, the Heavenly Eye, or the knowledge of past lives to understand this principle.

The High and Venerable Bhikshu An Shih Kao, also named An Ch'ing, was born the son of the King and Queen of An Hsi, Parthia, a small kingdom near India. From birth he was extraordinarily intelligent and mastered medicine, divination, astrology, and physiognomy while still young. He not only studied the sciences of man, but also learned the languages of animals and birds. When wild animals spoke, he knew what they said, and when the birds had a conversation, he understood.

One day, while on a holiday with many friends, he heard a swallow say to its flock, "Someone will send us food today!" An Shih Kao told his companions what the swallow had said, but they refused to believe him. In a short while, someone came with provisions for the birds, and everyone thought it was very strange that he could understand the language of birds. (Confucius' disciple Kung Ye Ch'ang also had this ability.)

An Shih Kao studied thoroughly and well; when his father died, An Shih Ko became king. All the officials brought their problems to him. If it wasn't this problem, it was that problems. "This is too much trouble!" he finally said, and abdicated the throne in favor of his uncle. He had never married, and as a Buddhist layman he held the precepts purely. Now he left home to become a Bhikshu.

A friend of his, a very intelligent Bhikshu, had, like An Shih Kao, learned the Buddhadharma quickly. What this Bhikshu would hear once he never forgot. But this Bhikshu had a temper. If people came to make offerings to him but didn't add a lot of reverent ward of praise, he would fly into a rage and shout, "I don't want your offerings!"

An Shih Kao said to him, "Friend, your wisdom is equal to mine, but your hatred is much greater. I fear that in the future you will fall. If I am not certified to the fruit of Arhatship, I won't be able to help you, but if I attain the Way, I shall find you and take you across. Now, I am going to Canton, in Chung Kuo, to receive the retribution from a former life.

In Canton, during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, (147-168 A.D.), the government was in disorder and many bandits roamed the streets. Upon his arrival, An Shih Kao passed by a young man, who immediately took out a knife and said, "Now that I have met you, I am going to kill you."

"Go right ahead, kill me," An Shih Kao replied, "but may I ask why you hate me so?"
The young man was puzzled. "I really don't know," he said, "but I wanted to kill you the moment I saw you. I feel that you are evil."

An Shih Kao said, "You don't know why you want to kill me, but I do. It is because in a previous lifetime I killed you. I have come here today only because I want you to kill me." Then he stretched out his neck and asked the man to kill him. His face didn't show the slightest trace of fear, just like the Second Patriarch in Chung Kuo, Hui KO, who bared his neck for the executioner. The boy cut off An Shih Kao's head and An Shih Kao died. Everyone exclaimed, "This person did not fear death, since he said, "Because I had killed you before, you have to kill me now." This is very strange."

The crowd dispersed and the soul of An Shih Kao returned to An Hsi to be reborn as the king's son once again. When he was sixteen, he again left home to become a monk, and immediately went to save his former friend and his former murderer. He found his former murderer in Canton, no longer young but middle aged.

An Shih Kao asked him, Do you remember that on such and such a day you killed a Bhikshu?"
The man said, "Yes, I remember. Have you come to take revenge?"
"No, I have not come to take revenge. I am the person you killed. I was reborn in An Hsi Country and now I have come back to Chung Kuo to tell you of the cause and effect. You kill me and I kill you. There is no end to this. But don't be afraid, I won't kill you now."

The man thought to himself, "It has been many years since I killed that man, and this monk is a foreigner. So he must be telling the truth; how else could he know these things?"
An Shih Kao said, "I have told you the cause and effect. Now, I must go to save my old friend from my past life."

"Where is your friend?" said the man.
"In Chiang Hsi."
"Good, I'll go with you."

So they went together to Lu Mountain in Chiang Hsi with a party of over thirty people. At Lu Mountain, by the shore of Hu T'ing Lake, there was a temple with an extremely magical Spirit living inside. If travellers lit incense and bowed to the Spirit, their boats would travel safely across the waters. But if they did not, big waves would capsize their boats. Once a businessman asked the Spirit if he could take the bamboo that grew within the temple. The spirit didn't reply, so the businessman grabbed the bamboo and ran. His boat was swamped and he was frowned. The bamboo floated right back to the temple. The people said, "He is truly a powerful Spirit, truly a powerful Spirit!" and for a thousand miles around, everyone knew about the Spirit that lived in Hu T'ing Temple.

When An Shih Kao's party arrived at the lake, those who believed in the Spirit went to bow to him while An Shih Kao stayed in the boat. The Spirit said, "There is a Shramana on your boat. Invite him here!" When they told An Shih Kao, he said, "It is just this Spirit whom I have come to take across."

"Friend," he said to the Spirit, "you still have that big temper, don't you? When someone slights you, you capsize his boat. You have killed many people."

The Spirit said, "I don't know what to do! I am a Spirit who manages an area of about a thousand miles. But when I die, I shall certainly go to the hells for the crimes I have committed."

"Don't worry," said An Shih Kao, "Last life you were my friend and I have come to help you. Now, knowing your errors, show yourself!"

"I can't!" said the Spirit. "Everyone would die of fright."
An Shih Kao insisted, "Impossible. They won't be afraid. Now appear and let me see you."

The spirit had been hiding behind the bed. Slowly his head rose up, the head of a big snake--a mahoraga who could eat five people in one gulp. An Shih Kao explained the Dharma to the snake and recited mantras for him. The big snake cried; tears fell like rain. He said, "Soon I shall die, but I won't leave this ugly corpse here. I am going to a big marsh in Shan Hsi to die."

An Shih Kao returned to the boat and as it cast off from the dock, the mahoraga appeared in the sky above the mountain tops and bowed to An Shih Kao. Everyone waved good-bye to him. That was the end of the mahoraga.

Later on their voyage, a young boy appeared on the boat and bowed to An Shih Kao. He listened carefully while An Shih Kao explained the Dharma to him, and then disappeared. An Shih Kao told his followers, "This boy was the former Hu T'ing Lake Temple Spirit; he returned to thank me." From that day on, no matter what anyone prayed for at the Hu T'ing Lake Temple, there was no response. What is more, in Shan Hsi in a big marsh, the enormous body of a snake, measuring several miles long, appeared. The village there is now called "Snake Village." Soon everyone knew about this incident and many more people came to believe in the Buddhadharma.

When they disembarked, An Shih Kao handed his former murderer a box, saying, "I have to go to Hui Chi to received more retribution. In four years, open this box and see what is inside. If anything should happen to me, please see that I am buried properly."

As he passed through Hui Chi, he walked behind two men fighting in the street. One of them raised a club to strike his opponent, cracked open An Shih Kao's head on the backswing, and killed him.

Four years later, the box was opened and in it were these words:

"Ch'en Hui venerates me,
and Monk Hui guards my Ch'an Dharma."

At that time no one understood these words, but later, a layman named Ch'en Hui, venerated An Shih Kao, and a Dharma Master named Monk Hui, propagated the Sutras that An Shih Kao had translated.

An Shih Kao dwelt in Chung Kuo for twenty years. Although a foreigner, he learned Chung Wen quickly and translated over thirty Sutras with great accuracy.

That An Shih Kao, a Monk of such high virtue, had to undergo a severe retribution such as this, should warn us not to look lightly on cause and effect and casually lose our temper. The Hu T'ing mahoraga had been a Bhikshu in his last life, but fell to rebirth as a snake because he liked to get angry. Everyone thought he was magical. Who would have guessed that he was such a weird thing? Had it not been for An Shih Kao's vow to save him, he would have been in serious trouble.

An Shih Kao had been extremely filial to his father and mother. Later, when he went to Chung Kuo, everyone recognized him as a Virtuous High Monk. Because his father had been a king, the people called him Lord An.