東北方有處名清涼山
In the Northeast is a place called Clear Cold Mountain

《華嚴經‧諸菩薩住處品》:東北方有處名清涼山,從昔以來諸菩薩眾於中止住。現有菩薩名文殊師利,與其眷屬諸菩薩眾一萬人俱,常在其中而演說法。  
In the northeast is a place called Clear Cold Mountain. From of old, many Bodhisattvas have lived there. Currently, the Bodhisattva Manjushri and his retinue of ten thousand Bodhisattvas abide there and speak the Dharma.
-- Avatamsaka Sutra, Chapter on Bodhisattvas’ Dwelling Places

清涼山即今中國山西省的五台山,在唐澄觀大師(即清涼國師)的筆下,五台山「歲積堅冰,夏仍飛雪,曾無炎暑,故曰清涼」,是一處終年如秋冬的地方。

澄觀大師當年行腳的歷程,最終以五台山作為息腳之處,顯見當時的佛教徒除了向各地的耆尊大德參訪、問法之外,對於諸佛菩薩化跡的「靈山聖地」,也相當崇仰和嚮往。

五台山之所以成為譽滿中外的國際性聖山,除了有賴《華嚴經》中記載為文殊菩薩道場之外,五台山本身的山靈郁秀,景緻脫俗;及文殊菩薩在佛滅之世,猶領導眾生學法的特殊地位,使得五台山在四大名山之中,發跡最早也最具知名度。五台山上諸宗兼弘,從早期的華嚴宗、天台宗、律宗、到後傳入的禪宗、淨土宗、密宗,幾乎所有中國佛教的重要宗派的僧侶都曾至五台朝禮,如此恢闊兼容的宗教內涵是五台山佛教最大的特色。

 

 

Clear Cold Mountain refers to Five Peaks Mountain, located in Shanxi province, China. During the Tang dynasty (618-905 AD), Great Master Cheng Guan (also knows as National Master Qing Liang) described Five Peaks Mountain this way:

Ages of layered solid ice,
Driving snow in all seasons,
Never a hot summer,
Earns it the name Clear and Cold.

Autumn and winter are the only seasons at this place.

When Great Master Cheng Guan, who was on the last stage of a walking pilgrimage, arrived at Five Peaks Mountain, it was apparent from that Buddhists, with the exception of elder greatly virtuous ones whom he(they) called on to pay respects to and to inquire about the Dharma, were inspired by Efficacious Peaks are Sages’ Grounds, which contained accounts of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.

Five Peaks Mountain thus became known in China and abroad as an internationally renowned Sagely Mountain. Besides it being recorded in the Avatamsaka Sutra as the Way-place of Manjushri Bodhisattva, Five Peaks Mountain had its own efficacy, refinement, and elegance. In short, it was extraordinary. And since after the Buddha’s nirvana, Manjushri Bodhisattva was in the special position of leading beings to study the Dharma, his presence at Five Peaks Mountain, this helped Five Peaks Mountain attain early renown among the Four Famous Mountains. At Five Peaks Mountain all the schools flourished. From early on monastics from the Avatamsaka school, the Tien Tai school, the Vinaya school, and later the Chan school, the Pure Land school, and the Secret school and well as all the other schools and sects went on pilgrimages to Five Peaks Mountain. Thus the vast scope the various Buddhist schools’ teachings that were embraced at Five Peaks Mountain became its most unique feature.